The Americanisation of Global Media free essay sample

Americanization characterizes the Unites States of Americas social strength and Influence on the way of life of different nations, In numerous cases culture that stifles that of different countries; instances of Americanization can be found in anything from their mainstream society, cooking, strategic approaches, and innovation to political strategies (Osborn, 2006).Since the twentieth Century the development and impact of American mainstream society has become an overall marvel, through mechanical advances and the development of media, for example, TV, satellites and PCs, particularly since the Incorporation of the Internet, more messages are peering toward passed on from the US to the remainder of the world all the time (Osborn, 2006) For instance Hollywood overwhelms the universes film and media markets and as such is the central medium where populaces around the world are presented to American mainstream society, for example, design, customs and lifestyle, ordinarily known as the American Dream.Furthermore American TV developer are communicated comprehensively, a considerable lot of-which are communicated by American supporters, for example, HOBO and CNN, or through coalitions and mergers with other worldwide telecasters and media disperses (Stokes et al. We will compose a custom article test on The Americanisation of Global Media or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page 2004).Furthermore the music business is another news source ruled by the US of America, with every one of the three significant record marks being American organizations with a few American auxiliaries, this notwithstanding American craftsman keep on commanding the famous (pop) music circuit, with extraordinarily American classes, for example, hip-jump, bubble gum popular and RB overwhelming music diagrams both In the US and around the world, after on In a similar vein as Michael Jackson. Elvis Presley and Madonna who make up three of the best four most noteworthy selling and earning craftsmen of all time.Americas Influence on Popular Music: America without a doubt commands the worldwide music realm with by far most of todays well known melodic classifications having their underlying foundations immovably set In the US of America. Everything from punk to awesome to hip-jump and RB were either conceived riches the US or found an a dependable balance to prosper inside the nation; for s ure jammin took life in the US during the backtalk and backtalk, advancing from particularly American sorts, for example, blues and nation, which themselves generated from the southern states during the backtalk and sass.Punk brought forth from Americas carport rock scene of the 1 backtalk and Hip-Hop discovered mass standard prominence In backtalk, staying well known today, bringing African-American youth culture and design to mass worldwide cognizance. This Influence has prompted the worldwide achievement and overall popularity of numerous American specialists, craftsman, for example, Michael Jackson and Elvis Presley turning out to be only two significant American stars to make worldwide distinction and progress, accomplishing overall deals of 600 and 400 Million separately. Moreover as previously mentioned, the uniquely American class of hip-bounce has given some of musics generally well known and productive craftsmen, with artists, for example, Mine, Dry. Drew and Jay-Z accomplishing lonely worldwide distinction, bringing the way of life he United States however around the world, with youth culture in countries like the United Kingdom, France and Australia grasping hip-jump culture.The United States impact in well known music can likewise be found in the specialists of different countries; in the United Kingdom for instance The Rolling Stones, one of the most noteworthy earning musical gangs ever solid, depended intensely on American impacts to accomplish the standard and obvious sound, notwithstanding taking their name from a tune by famous American blues craftsman Muddy Waters. Indeed, even The Beetles, the most adored and well known band ever, saw their initial sound get from backtalk and backtalk American danceable music.Another away from of the Un ited States worldwide strength of the music business can be seen inside the decrease of a few significant record marks, in this manner prompting just three significant names enduring today, following a few mergers, acquisitions and buyouts inside the business. Every one of the three of the enduring significant names today Universal Music Group, Sony Music Entertainment and the Warner Music Group are American claimed, with the buyout of British and last non-American record name MME, by Universal and Sony affirming the United States worldwide predominance on the record mark industry.As explained, the United States impact on music is certain; anyway whether it has enduring mass worldwide intrigue, at any rate in a creative sense, is sketchy. Today the deluge of air pocket gum American pop and standard hip-jump, in spite of the fact that making overall progress and in certain cases recognition, is regularly seen as irrelevant and priceless, with masterful innovativeness frequently destitute inside these extraordinarily American exports.Furthermore it can likewise be contended that this Americanization of the music business and the manner in which it has molded and developed mainstream society has in certain occasions been harming to he United States worldwide picture. For instance hip-jump, when a type which transparently commended opportunity of articulation has been profoundly evaluated by the media as of late, seen as making a harming sub-culture well known in the United States as well as comprehensively, identified with group brutality, drugs and the corruption of ladies, thusly demising African-American culture and how western youth are seen globally.In expansion it very well may be asserted that notwithstanding Amer icas unparalleled impact in the introduction of numerous melodic classifications, that the class themselves just discovered fame and arrived at ass standard intrigue and cognizance once infiltrating other worldwide markers. For instance underground rock, generating from the American carport rock scene of the backtalk, just made standard progress and reputation once advertised inside the United Kingdom, Loons Sex Pistols making progress the two sides of the Atlantic turning into the band generally equivalent with punk culture, from the music to the symbolism and clothing.Hollywood Abroad: Hollywood is the command power inside both film and worldwide media, ruling true to life playing time both at home and abroad, even among countries who market and produce their own paleography. For instance the five driving markets after Hollywood are commanded by the United States of America, with Hollywood playing time portions of United Kingdom 82%, Japan 73%, Germany 88%, Italy 55% and France 63 %. All far exceeding film created inside these countries. Inside the United stifling that of free American film (Silva, 2007). What's more, a significant advert in advancement for the United States of America. Without a doubt it has been said that Hollywood not long after its beginning become the single most noteworthy factor in the quick Americanization of worldwide media as well as the world, as such turning into the cost significant and critical of the United States worldwide exploits.Hollywood fundamentally advances the United States standards, legislative issues, achievements and openings on a worldwide scale, prompting a worldwide want to emulate, which has seen numerous societies overall smothered (Stokes et al, 2004). Here and there Hollywood is viewed as distant such is its worldwide predominance inside the film business, this notwithstanding stifling different societies while forcefully attesting the United States own, in a regularly promulgation like way, advancing the nation not as a topographical domain however as a creative one, a dreamland of chance and aspiration.This has prompted discontinuous times of aversion among different societies and countries comprehensively; for instance during the backtalk Europe restricted quite a bit of what Hollywood was depicting considering the to be as over-sexed, over-paid and having a possibly harming influence upon the traditions and social orders found on the landmass, statements, for example, harming the spirits of our kids and transforming them into captives of American moguls were ascribed to adversary during this time. Anyway it must be stated, that regardless of Hollywood frequently oppressive air at that point, this cynicism and revulsionNas resulting from fears by Rupees social tip top, who dreaded Hollywood absence of social commitment and radical difficulties towards progressive systems of separation, taste and the class framework. This saw the impact and change intensity of Hollywood and thus American culture terribly overstated to show how undermining it was. Besides against Americanism in the Middle East today is frequently fuelled by the United States portrayal inside Hollywood paleography, conveying a comparative protest and repugnance as found in Europe during the 1920 and the baby long periods of Hollywood initiation (Stokes et al, 2004).

Why! Elder Abuse.Why!

Senior maltreatment, A Social Problem Elderly maltreatment has not been looked into enough, in spite of the fact that there has been late extension on the examination of maltreatment of the older. Be that as it may, it is as yet missing satisfactory hypothesis in light of the fact that there has not been sufficient research done, information gathered on why it occurs, or the attributes of the abuser and casualty. There are a few maladies that can't generally be dealt with or forestalled, yet carelessness and misuse can generally be forestalled. By figuring out how to perceive the signs and side effects of senior maltreatment, there will be a decline in the quantity of the older who are manhandled and ignored. Inside this paper you will locate that the two people are survivors of senior maltreatment, wrongdoings against the old, senior maltreatment with famous people, primary issues with senior maltreatment and an approach to help stop senior maltreatment by instruction. It is said that Women are transcendently the casualties of senior maltreatment and that men are the abusers, this isn't in every case valid, Men are additionally survivors of senior maltreatment with ladies as the abusers. In any case, there has not been a firm meaning of what is senior maltreatment. A few specialists recommend that senior maltreatment ought to be remembered for the meaning of abusive behavior at home. Specialists have found in their examinations that ladies are most of the genuinely mishandled, where men were the bigger normal of older people who were dismissed. Be that as it may, numerous specialists additionally express that concentrating on the meaning of senior maltreatment is counter-beneficial as in concentrating on the issue that ladies are most of mishandled casualties. Women's activist scholars have neglected to deliver enough information here, despite the fact that they have the mastery to add to this examination. Wolf, 2000) Categories of senior maltreatment and disregard incorporate such differing hurtful goes about as hitting the individual, retaining food or water, tormenting and compromising, relinquishing them when they can't enjoy themselves. Which include older folks in their homes or in private consideration (Wolf, 2000). As indicated by the n ews on ABC, even famous people are survivors of senior maltreatment, for example, Mickey Rooney. Who is a 90-year-old entertainer, who has had probably the longest vocation of any on-screen character, was conceded court security from stepson Chris Aber and his stepdaughter Christina Aber, after he recorded a body of evidence against them charging verbal, enthusiastic and money related maltreatment, and for denying him such fundamental necessities as food and medication. The court records state that both Chris and Christina Aber have been keeping Rooney as â€Å"effectively a detainee in his own home† using dangers, terrorizing and badgering (abcnews. com) In the United States the vast majority of the maltreatment has originated from nursing homes, yet now the maltreatment is originating from the posterity of the older. Despite the fact that the administration authorities are attempting to pass new laws to secure the old, the maltreatment proceeds. Did you realize that 90% of misuse and disregard is executed by relatives or family members, 66% by the life partner or grown-up offspring of the person in question (Administration on Aging, 2004b). One of the principle issues with senior maltreatment is the inability to recognize it as a type of genuine maltreatment. The ‘caregiver’ is as of now pardoned by getting this mark as the ‘carer’. There is likewise the emphasis on the senior individual as the impetus to the maltreatment, by pushing the carer as far as possible. The senior individual is viewed as excessively reliant and has added worry to the guardian. Savagery toward the old by their moderately aged youngsters or others is a unique type of family brutality and, much the same as kid misuse and aggressive behavior at home, has the right to be perceived, examined and suitable mediations gave to spare casualties from superfluous affliction. What is misuse? â€Å"It is a solitary or rehashed act, or absence of fitting activity, happening inside any relationship where there is a desire for trust which makes mischief or trouble a more seasoned individual or abuses their human and social equality (Brandl, 2000). The casualty fears detailing such maltreatment will bring about losing ties with that family member or that the relationship will be disturbed. In a few conditions the casualty would be reliant on the culprit a parental figure and they fear winding up in long haul care on the off chance that they report the maltreatment. There may likewise be the dread that the abuser may discover. Besides, they probably won't have the certainty to report the maltreatment, and are apprehensive they won’t stay unknown. Perhaps there is a conceivably of inability to perceive misuse and they don't have the foggiest idea what is befalling them is delegated misuse. From the functionalist point of view, maturing is a social issue in light of the fact that the organizations of present day society are not addressing the requirements of the needy older. Interactionist accepts that the older are vilified in light of the fact that they don't comply with the standards of a young arranged culture. Strife scholar see the issues of the senior as originating from absence of capacity to shape social organization to address their issues (http://apa. organization/) As a human assistance proficient we can help in the battle to stop Elder maltreatment, by joining bunches like the NCEA, and engage in their World Elder Abuse Awareness Day. http://www. ncea. aoa. gov). We can assist with teaching the general public, network, on the indications of Elder Abuse with a leaflet on Signs of Elder Abuse and by joining the White House on the †Taking a Stand against Elder Abuse† that happens each year on the Annual World Elder Abuse Awareness Day (whitehouse. gov). Senior maltreatment is much the same as Domestic Violence and society ought not let this kind of misuse transpire. Taking everything into account; as residents of United States, we should make ourselves mindful of the indications of Elder Abuse. We should offer regard to the older and on the off chance that we presume an old individual is being mishandled by their family or an expert don't be hesitant to report the maltreatment to the best possible specialists. This paper gave you data as expressed and that the two people are casualties of senior maltreatment, there are numerous wrongdoings against the older, there is senior maltreatment with VIPs, there are primary issues with senior maltreatment and there is an approach to help stop senior maltreatment by instruction and arranging. It's anything but a simple street yet in the event that we as a whole work together to stop old maltreatment, we can stop it! Reference Halphen, John M. , Grace M. Varas, and June M. Sadowsky. 2009. â€Å"Recognizing and announcing senior maltreatment and disregard. † Geriatrics 64, no. 7: 13-18. Scholarly Search Premier, EBSCOhost (got to June eighteenth, 2011). Organization on Aging (2004b) Elder Abuse, Retrieved, June eighteenth, 2011 from http://www. aoa. gov/eldfam National Center on Elder Abuse. (2004). The Basics. Recovered June seventeenth, 2011 from http://www. lderabusecenter. organization/default. cfm? p=basic. cfm Brandl, B. (2000) Power and control: Understanding local maltreatment in later life. Ages, 24(11), 39-45 National Council on Child Abuse and Family Violence. Recovered March eighteenth, 2011, from http://www. nccafv. organization/senior. htm#top http://apa. organization/http://www. ncea. aoa. gov/Ncearoot/Main_Site/pdf/distribution/Join_Us_Campaign_tipshe et_indv_final. pdf recovered June 21st, 20011 http://www. whitehouse. gov/blog/2011/06/13/taking-remain against-senior maltreatment

Reduce Your Emissions (Improve Your Cash Flow)

Reduce Your Emissions (Improve Your Cash Flow) Reduce Your Emissions (Improve Your Cash Flow) Reduce Your Emissions (Improve Your Cash Flow)The planet (and your wallet) needs you!October 24th was the 10th anniversary of the International Day of Climate Action. The International Day of Climate Action was organized by nonprofit 350.org as part of its mission to keep the carbon in the atmosphere below 350 parts per million (ppm).As of 2019, atmospheric carbon is now at 415 ppm. 350.org has since adjusted their goal to ceasing further atmospheric carbon increase as quickly as possible and bringing the total back down to 350 ppm.That goal is going to require some major commitments from world and industry leaders. But you might as well do what you can to lower emissions as well â€" especially if it can also save you money.Here are four ways you can cut down on daily expenses by making changes to the way you live, shop, and eat.Take up bikingPublic transit is a great way to get where you need to go, whether you use it every day as part of your morning commute, or only when you want to visit the fish at the aquarium. But even many large cities do not have effective public transit systems, and many people do not live in large cities.A car may be a requirement for your situation, but it can still be worth minimizing your auto use when you can.“Riding a bicycle is always the greenest option, saves money at the gas pump, and burns some of that unwanted body fat while keeping your heart running,” suggests B.C. Kowalski, founder of www.frugalwheels.com. “The good news is you do not have to bike everywhere. I am a big fan of the two-mile principle â€" start biking to destinations within two miles of your house, which nearly everyone can do. ”Biking, if even only for short distances, can help to cut down on your gas use over time. But also remember, the more you use your car, the higher your risk of having to deal with costly repairs due to wear and tear.Click here for our post featuring tips on saving money with two wheels.Clean cleaning suppliesYou do not wan t to dirty the planet while cleaning your home. Highly specific cleaning products can also get quite pricey.Alberto Navarrete, general manager of Frisco Maids, suggests avoiding aerosol cleaning products â€" basically products that come in a can. He also recommends taking cleaning matters into your own hands. “There are always substitutes for these products that you can find or research online for a [do-it-yourself] solution â€"   usually at a fraction of the cost of the can spray product. This helps to reduce toxic waste that creates a greenhouse effect on the earth.”The way you wash your clothes can also make a difference, from the temperature of the water to what you use for detergent.“Switch to washing clothes in cold water,” says award-winning sustainability author Shel Horowitz. “Heating water is the most energy-intensive part of the laundry process,” which also makes doing your laundry more costly. There are many ways you can make an impact on your water bill whil e also helping the environment, but using cold water for washing is one of them.Using a detergent formulated for cold-water washing can help support your cold laundry efforts. Additionally, finding a reusable detergent solution can also help reduce costs while cutting down on packaging. “A non-detergent product such as the laundry ball we have used for almost three years, you can get the clothes plenty clean,” Horowitz said.Choose better bulbsLED bulbs use a fraction of the electricity of traditional light bulbs, which means less emissions and less money spent on replacing bulbs. LED bulbs are said to last for years, with their lifespan depending on how many hours you use them a day.“I figured out once that the owners of certain types of businesses could save six figures over the life of the bulbs by switching 50 bulbs in hard-to-reach locations,” Horowitz said. While a homeowner isn’t likely to burn that type of energy or save that type of cash, switching your bulbs out c an help you save on utilities over time.Consider less meatLook, we love a good burger from time to time. We are not going to tell you to give up meat entirely. But lessening your meat consumption is not just good for the environment, it can have big benefits for your wallet and your arteries.“Eating more plant-based meals is one of the easiest and most significant things people can do to lower their carbon footprint,” Horowitz says. “And now, with the recent arrival of much more convincing meat substitutes …   you do not have to give up the taste. I have been a vegetarian for 46 years, but even if you just cut back, it makes a huge difference.”One factor to note: Not all meat substitutes are slimming for your wallet some of them can be rather pricey. However, sticking to a plant-based diet can be cheaper overall if approached responsibly.Adapt and start savingThe sooner you start adapting these sorts of habits, the better off your bank account will be, and you will be hel ping keep the planet more livable. Living on Earth and saving money? Those are two things we can really get behind!

Introduction Of Late Adulthood And Retirement - 1659 Words

Introduction Late adulthood and retirement Marie-Edith Oyourou From the time humans are conceived to their death they go through different stages of development in this sequence: infancy, early childhood, adolescence, early adulthood and late adulthood. Those different stages of development present characteristics which are particular to each stage. The last decade had seen an increase with people age sixty and above. Consequently, this aging population has significant effects on many aspect of society. Life expectancy which was of 50 years in the 19th century had tremendously increase. Indeed the factors contributing to the longevity include; public health measure to many factors such as decrease in infant mortality rate,†¦show more content†¦Additionally, some theories of development in late adulthood deal with the ways in which we can approach our relationships, our changing bodies, our mental capacities, transitions in intimate relationship, our families, society in a large and voluntaries or involuntary relocation. Among them, Erks Erikson’s psychosocial theory is determined by the stage of â€Å"ego integrity versus despair† characterized by maintaining the belief that life is meaningful and worthwhile despite the physical decline and the inevitability of death (Rathus, 2017). In the Disengagement theory older people and society mutually withdraw from one another as older people approach death. As to the Activity theory it states that older adults are better adjusted when they are more active and involved in physical and social activities. For the Socio emotional selectivity theory, it addresses the development of older adults’ social network. Additionally, during late adulthood different psychological issue can affect the older adult such as self-esteem issue, or independence versus dependence issue. Plus some psychological problems can occur such as depression and anxiety disorders. Another important factor is the social context in aging. Communities, housing for holder peoples, fa mily, social relationships, leisure activities, and adjustment to retirement are important factors to cross this stage of development successfully.Show MoreRelatedHow Changes Throughout History Have Influenced The Persons Life Course Trajectory1143 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction This paper endeavors to evaluate how a person within late adulthood has been impacted by larger systems within their environment. Furthermore, this paper will examine how changes throughout history have influenced the person’s life course trajectory. In an effort to evaluate these factors, an interview of a person in late adulthood was conducted. To gain a clearer understanding of how these factors influence a person within late adulthood, feminist theory and the empowerment prospectiveRead MoreEssay on Late Adulthood and Depression1558 Words   |  7 PagesLate Adulthood and Depression Late adulthood should be a time in a persons life where they feel fulfilled. They can look back on their memories and be happy with the way they have lived their life. Now, too many elderly people are not satisfied and look at this stage as depressing. Most fear death of either a loved one or for themselves. This topic is interesting to me because elderly people should make the best of their last stage of life. This topic discusses about getting olderRead MoreThe Dream Of The American Dream1732 Words   |  7 Pagespersistence, an individual should strive to understand how to maximize their investment returns, understand potential options when planning for retirement, and gain skills required to boost the chances of achieving financial independence. When thinking of financial independence, the first thought that arises for many working age Americans is retirement. Acquiring the skills to become a knowledgeable investor is more critical than in any previous generation. American workers are retiring later thanRead MoreAging Society as Agents of Social Change Essay2064 Words   |  9 Pagesresistance of growing old. Many people have tried to put a label on the trend. It has been called the â€Å"third-age†, â€Å"encore years†, and even referred to as the â€Å"second missionary journey†. This time of life that is being referenced is the period of late adulthood. Psychologists, such as Erik Erikson, have referred to this stage in life as a period of new identity. Throughout life, each new experience, each gain or loss, requires a reassessment of one’s identity. The idea of who am I, is often challengedRead MoreFamily Life Cycle1558 Words   |  7 Pagesthroughout the life span. Psychologist Erik Erikson discussed the Psycho-social Stages of Development, he targeted the cycle of life that an individual experiences. (Erikson 1968) He starts at infancy and moves straight to senesce, which describes late adulthood and is categorized as over sixty five years. Erikson suggested that this stage is the elderly years where individuals experience the sunset period. It is considered the time before death. This Psycho-social stage of development describes an individualRead MoreSubstance Abuse Among The Elderly1473 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The first baby boomers, generally defined as those Americans born between 1946 and 1964, turn 65 in 2011. The number of older Americans will increase from 35 to 70 million by the year 2030 (Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics, 2000). The nation’s population will increase 18% during and the population aged 65 and older will increase 78% ( Wan, Sengupta, Velkoff, DeBarros, 2005). One growing concern within the elderly population is that of substance abuse as it pertainsRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Human Development Essay1750 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction The eight stages of Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory of human development is a theory which describes different stages of a person’s life and the challenges which they must overcome in that specific stage (Arnett, 2016). There will be two interviews conducted with individuals that are in age groups ranging from early adulthood to middle adulthood and that are in different stages of Erikson’s theory. The interviews will be connected to the stages Erikson said theyRead MoreHouse of Lannister Essay6353 Words   |  26 Pagespsychosocial theory is very useful when applied generally to the various stages of development, but the psychosocial theory is even more useful when supplemented with other theories of development that divulge into specificity. PS 121 Core Assessment Introduction Human development is a very broad term. Development may mean how a person grows biologically, but it may also means how a person grows mentally. Development may also mean how a person matures as an individual, living and assimilating in intoRead MoreDepression Among the Elderly1991 Words   |  8 Pagesstressors related to aging causes feelings of depression. Depression can happen at any age from birth to death. Depression is a heterogeneous disorder that can begin early in life and have recurrent episodes later in life, or the first onset may occur late in life (Doris, 1999, p.1369). It is already said that depression affects about one sixth of the population or more (Doris, 1999, p.1370). Depression is a very personal illness. The mental anguish of depression can be quite unimaginable to someoneRead MoreAging : Silent Killers Of The Aging Body1840 Words   |  8 Pages Date: Silent Killers of the Aging Body Introduction: There are only two things in life that an individual can be certain of which are aging and death. Every individual at some point in their lifetime will face the process of aging through various life stages beginning from being born, which is infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, late childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood and late adulthood. The infancy stage takes places between the time of birth and

Respect vs. Disrespect - 1242 Words

Respect Vs Disrespect By Osita Onyebuchi Respect vs. Disrespect Have you ever met someone who was rude to you and didnt hold you with much regard? How did you feel? Did you feel angry? What do you think respect is? How is respect earned? Respect is an important way of being kind and good to other people. We live in a society that respect is earned not given. With respect there is also an opposite side of disrespect. The definition of respect is to consider worthy of high regard. There are different forms of respect, the word respect is defined as the condition of being esteemed or honored. Disrespect, on the other hand, is defined as a lack of respect. Respect has great importance in everyday life; everyone wants to be respected.†¦show more content†¦When you are at work there are so many rules you have to follow when it comes to respecting your co-workers. For example, there’s is a various amount of beautiful women at your workplace and you tend to gain interest in the person other than business relationship. I would advise not t o do it due to the fact that it may come off as a form of disrespect. When it comes to building a relationship in the workplace it just doesn’t work out so try to stay away from that. Aside from respect, there is also disrespect. From being slapped by someone to being publically humiliated, disrespect is alive and well in today’s society. Just like respect, disrespect also comes in different forms. Verbal disrespect is a form of disrespect seen virtually everywhere. Raising your voice to an adult in public, using harsh words towards one another are some examples of verbal disrespect. Verbal disrespect does not always appear to be disrespect. For example, cutting someone off while they are speaking and lying and manipulation. When you cut somebody off when they are speaking that shows the person that you are not listening to them and don’t care about what they have to say. Many people are being verbally disrespected but do not notice it because it is not always as harsh as other forms of disrespect. Another form of disrespect is technological disrespect. Many people are disrespected and humiliated on social networks such Facebook, Twitter, and etc. Bu t it doesn’t stop there, emailingShow MoreRelatedLord Of The Flies By William Golding1182 Words   |  5 PagesMan vs. Wild Nature is an integral part of our lives that often isn’t taken seriously. Many people, commonly big companies, destroy nature to gain status and profit. This has been going on since humans came to be. In the novel Lord of the Flies, this is a prominent theme. In the book, many British schoolboys are stranded on an island after a plane crash. Immediately, roles are developed. Jack is a power-hungry choir boy who disrespects nearly everything- especially nature. Ralph is the leader ofRead MoreArgumentative Essay About Anthem837 Words   |  4 Pagesplayers should stand during the national anthem. I believe that; one it is a clear sign of respect, two it’s not some grand gesture/effort and its an ineffective way to protest, and finally it has created controversy and has angered many people. Respect. Its a powerful thing, it is such a simple thing for maybe you or me, but it could mean a lot to others. The national anthem is a way to say thanks, show respect and give appreciation to people. Like the armed forces which is; anyone in the militaryRead MoreRemember The Titans Is A Classic Movie1567 Words   |  7 PagesStates this was a big accomplishment and stepping stone for the future. In Remember the Titans, the setting is Virginia where conflict amongst races was already eminent. About 15 years earlier than the integration of T.C Williams High School, Brown vs. The Board of Education declared segregation in schools to be unconstitutional. During the 1960’s, Virginia among other states attempts to resist desegregation because of past Caucasian dominance culture against African Americans. The Senator of VirginiaRead MoreThe Role of Abuse in British India in Forsters Passage to India1438 Words   |  6 Pagessocial and political order in India will desce nd into chaos. The author demonstration of the British perspective encourages the reader to feel sympathetic towards Indians. Whenever Aziz and Ronny meet, Ronny seems to use a tone of arrogance and disrespect towards Indians. Also, in the conversation between MR. Turton, Adela, and Mrs. Moore about the natives, the tone of arrogance seems to be present, as well. The author indicates his favoritism towards Indians by representing them as the weak andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Remember The Titans 1538 Words   |  7 PagesStates this was a grand accomplishment and stepping stone for the future. In Remember the Titans, the setting is Virginia where conflict amongst races was already eminent. In 1954, 15 years earlier to the integration of T.C Williams High School, Brown vs. The Board of Education declared segregation in schools to be unconstitutional. During the 1960’s, Virginia among other states attempts to resist desegregation due to past white dominance culture agains t African Americans. The Senator of Virginia attemptsRead MoreEssay On Plastic Waste1036 Words   |  5 Pagesworld has an environmental impact; in particular in regard to atmospheric pollution and climate change, mainly due to fuel combustion. This impact varies depending on a number of factors, e.g. the type of transport used (trains vs old trucks), the type of fuel used (electricity vs diesel), the distance travelled, etc† (Ferrier 2001). From this article, I realized that there are many effects of drinking from plastic water bottles that a majority of the population fails to consider. Transporting productsRead MoreEssay about Old Money vs. New Money638 Words   |  3 PagesOld Money vs. New Money In regards to wealth, two classifications have been established. The first class is referred to as â€Å"old† money and is made up of families that have acquired wealth over many generations, such as the Rockefellers, the Carnegies, and the Vanderbilts. On the other side of the wealth spectrum are individuals and families that have acquired money within the last few decades. This type of wealth includes Bill Gates, the Hiltons, and Oprah and it is often referred to asRead MoreChina And The United States1167 Words   |  5 Pagesbarriers and be enjoyed by all cultures. The Chinese food culture pays great attention to respect. Table manners are essential to the enjoyment of meals. In the Chinese food culture, the best or finest food is presented to the senior members of the family first. Also, a host may offer words of greetings and guest should not start to eat until their host says, â€Å"Please enjoy yourself’, otherwise it suggest disrespect and causes displeasure (Chinese Food Culture: Table Manners, Dining Etiquette, n.d.)Read MoreThe Collection Of Necessary Data Essay1633 Words   |  7 Pagescompetence is defined as a functional culture that is based on respect, effective communication, and successful teamwork. In a global market it is vital to maintain effective cultural competencies and awareness. In a diverse workforce, which includes traditionals, baby boomers, GenX, and Millennials, it will prove beneficial to identify valuable traits and skill sets of each generation, additionally, educating everyone in a cohesive culture of respect and teamwork. The majority of workplace conflict can beRead MoreTaking a Look at Indian Removal751 Words   |  3 Pageschallenged Georgia’s attempt to eliminate their title to land in Georgia. His case went before the Supreme Court and he won. According to the Cherokee Nation, â€Å"Worcester vs. Georgia, 1832 and Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia, 1831 are considered the two most influential legal decisions in Indian law.† Georgia won the case in 1831 but in Worcester vs. Georgia, the Supreme Court declared Cherokee sovereignty. In spite of the court’s decision, President Andrew Jackson ordered the removal of the Cherokee. The Cherokee

Essay about Kant´s Philosophy of Ethics - 1823 Words

In the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, Immanuel Kant proposes his philosophy of ethics. In order to accurately approach this topic and present fluent deduction he begins by defining philosophy into three fields. There is â€Å"Physics† of which studies the physical world, there is â€Å"Ethics† of which is the study of morality and finally there is logic of which serves to study logical principles. Kant then divides the studying into two parts as well, separating it as either â€Å"empirical† (serving to study experiences) or â€Å"pure† (serving to study concepts). As Kant uses this work to achieve a certain goal it is important to note that within the text he is proposing a pure study of morality, for morality is applied to all rational beings and†¦show more content†¦When driven to undertake an action for the necessity of something such as the attainment of personal happiness or anything else less than universal it is referred to by Ka nt as a â€Å"hypothetical imperative.† Kant then explains that this should be thought of as discouraging for moral principles are derived from reason and not from experience. For moral principles cannot come from experience as experience itself is contingent to circumstance. Conversely, moral require absolute validity and is independent from all circumstances. For this reason, it is possible for it to be applied to all circumstances and this is defined by Kant to be the â€Å"categorical imperative†. The categorical imperative operates upon the same methodology as the moral law and it is similarly violated by those who believe who apply â€Å"double standards†. The categorical imperative may further be identified as a requirement to not treat other rational beings as means, for Kant expresses that all rational beings contain the ability of pursuing goals, but never consider themselves as only a means to another purpose for their actions are ultimately taken on their own behalf and are ends in themselves. To treat others as a means would contradict the reality of all rational beings serving as ends inShow MoreRelatedKant And Kant s Philosophy On Ethics970 Words   |  4 PagesEthics, What is it? many a man have asked the same question. A dictionary describes ethics as-moral principles that govern a person s or group s behavior. Is there a universal ethical behavior ? Are all countries ethical ? 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Music Of Romantic Period Essay Example For Students

Music Of Romantic Period Essay When he arrived on the scene some had suggested that effective opera after Rossini was not possible. Verdi, however, took the form to new heights of drama and musical expression. Paper is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text (called a libretto) and musical score, usually in a theatrical setting. L] Opera incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre, such as acting, scenery, and costumes and sometimes includes dance. The performance is typically given in an opera house, accompanied by an orchestra or smaller musical ensemble. Othello is an opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Rigor Boot, based on Shakespearean play Othello. Aid is an opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Antonio Gazillions, based on a scenario often attributed to French Speleologist Augusta Marietta Hector Burlier Sere, France (near Greenbelt). Hector Burlier, as he was known, was entranced with music as a child. He learned to play the flute and guitar, and became a slaughter composer. Symphonic Fantastical Pop. 14 is a program symphony written by the French composer Hector Burlier in 1830.

Analysis of the Poem “The Second Coming” by William Butler Yeats Essay Example

Analysis of the Poem â€Å"The Second Coming† by William Butler Yeats Essay One of the most resounding names in the discussion of 20th century literature is of the great William Butler Yeats. His works and even his biography are staple study materials for those who endeavor in literature studies. With that being said, it would also be important to study one of his greatest works. One of his best known works, also considered one of his finest, is the poem â€Å"The Second Coming.† Many artists claim that they were influenced by William Butler Yeats and this particular poem has been cited by other works of art. With that taken into consideration, many works of art by other artists can be considered offshoots of Yeats’ poem. It could also be assumed that in a way, this particular poem had somehow influence the art that we are experiencing today. This paper would attempt to present and analyze Yeats’ poem and look into the different aspects why it had become popular among poets and enthusiasts of poetry. Objectives The paper would not delve into a vicious criticism of the work at hand. The main objective would be to present the poem as not merely a poem, but a work of art that needs a deeper view and profound appreciation. Moreover, this particular poem had influenced many other artists. That would only mean that the influence of Yeats’ â€Å"The Second Coming† would be visible in many other works of art. It is an assumption that after an analysis of the poem, we would be able to determine how it had influenced other works of art. In simpler terms, if we would try to understand the poem, we would be granted a better understanding of the poem at hand and of the other works. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of the Poem â€Å"The Second Coming† by William Butler Yeats specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of the Poem â€Å"The Second Coming† by William Butler Yeats specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of the Poem â€Å"The Second Coming† by William Butler Yeats specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer There is a popular notion in the world of poetry that once an author had explained his or her work, the poem is being stripped of its divine quality. It is just fortunate that the author did not design this poem in an explicit manner.   Another popular notion in the world of art is that explicitness is dangerous to any form of art. And so, setting aside those popular notions, the work at hand belongs to the genre of poetry. Poetry is often coined as the art of misleading, it often leaves the readers scratching their heads. With all of that being said, reading a review before or after tackling a poem would undeniably be of great help to readers. The author Before we traverse further in the discussion, it would be helpful to have a brief overview of the author’s background. The objective of this part follows the logic of an old saying that tells us that the fruit doesn’t fall very far from the tree. The relationship of the fruit and the tree is just the same case for poems and poets. That is because we can understand a work better if we have an idea of the person that had come up with the work. William Butler Yeats is an Irish writer born and educated in the city of Dublin. He was born on the thirteenth of June 1865, and had passed away on the twenty-eighth of January 1939. As stated in the introduction, he would be a great representative of literature during the 20th century. He had endeavored in multiple genres of literature, but the most significant ones would be in drama and poetry. As a testament to his success as a writer, he had been a recipient of the highly-coveted Nobel Prize for literature (Foster 6-27). And of course, there is the worldwide readership and his influence that has spanned generations. nbsp; The poem Since the poem is not that long, it would be better for this paper to include the poem within its contents. The inclusion of the work to be analyzed would enable us to consult the work whenever we need to. Moreover, a review of the work is undeniably essential to any analysis. The Second Coming By William Butler Yeats Turning and turning in the widening gyre The falcon cannot hear the falconer; Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere The ceremony of innocence is drowned; The best lack all conviction, while the worst Are full of passionate intensity nbsp; Surely some revelation is at hand; Surely the Second Coming is at hand. The Second Coming! Hardly are those words out When a vast image out of the Spiritus Mundi Troubles my sight: somewhere in the sands of the desert A shape with lion body and the head of man, A gaze blank and pitiless as the sun Is moving its slow thighs, while all about it Reel shadows of the indignant desert birds. The darkness drops again; but now I know That twenty centuries of stony sleep Were vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle, And what rough beast, its hour come round at last, Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born? (Yeats 403) Brief background of the poem Yeats’ poem entitled â€Å"The Second Coming† was first printed in the American Magazine â€Å"The Dial† in November of 1920. The first printing was followed by the inclusion of the poem in Yeats’ collection of poems entitled â€Å"Michael Robartes and the Dancer† in 1921. The poem is known to be written during 1919, just after World War I. (Brown 71-72) Definition of terms The word gyre is one of the most noticeable unfamiliar terms in the poem. A gyre basically refers to a spinning vortex. The word is usually used to allude to the movements of oceanic and wind currents. Yeats had already incorporated the term in his book â€Å"A Vision†, which was published in 1925. Another term in poem that is calling attention is â€Å"spiritus mundi.† The term basically translates to the â€Å"spirit of the world.† The concept is in-line with Yeats’ belief that every mind of all individuals is somehow linked to a single vast intelligence (Foster 44) And for us to understand more of nature of some of the lines, we need to consult some works of other writers. The echoing lines in the last part of the first stanza â€Å"the best lack all conviction, while the worst / are full of passionate intensity.† It is said that those lines are in reference to the famous passages of the story Prometheus Unbound by Percy Bysshe Shelley. According to Yeats himself, during his childhood he had read Shelley’s book religiously and it had been an influence ever since (Foster 402) â€Å"The Second Coming† is of course in reference to the prophecy about second coming of Christ. This prophecy could be located in the bible specifically in the books of Matthew and the Revelations. Writing style At first glance, readers could carelessly conclude that the poem is a free-verse. The poem seemingly does not follow any rhyme scheme and meter whatsoever. But after orally reading the poem, that is when readers could easily appreciate the intricate design of the poem. If the poem â€Å"The Second Coming† would be categorized according to a sub-genre of poetry, it would belong to the â€Å"lyrical† style of poetry. As the name suggests, lyric poems is basically a kind of poetry that, just like a song, has musical qualities incorporated within it. And of course, to make a poem lyrical would mean to put rhymes for the poem to make distinct sounds. Although there are some, there are not many rhymes in the poem. In contrast to most classic poems, the number of end-rhymes was only reduced only into two in this particular poem. The few end-rhymes are: â€Å"hold† along with â€Å"world†, and although repetitive â€Å"hand† along with â€Å"hand.† Although there were only a few end-rhymes, the poem was interspersed with internal rhyming. But the internal rhyming that Yeats had done is not as technical as it sounds. He had just repeated some of the words to achieve the effect of internal rhymes. As we could observe in the poem â€Å"turning and turning†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"the falcon†¦ the falconer†, â€Å"surely some revelation is at hand† / â€Å"surely the Second Coming is at hand† (Yeats 403) The overall effect to the combination of the handful of internal rhymes and the few petty end-rhymes enables the poem to sound as if there are echoes. This effect is best described by the second line â€Å"the falcon†¦ the falconer.† Brown was able to describe the effect of the poem in a more technical manner. According to him, the lack of form and the emphasis on the repetitions creates an impression to the readers that a poetry that has no form is just enough to describe the concept of â€Å"The Second Coming†Ã¢â‚¬â€as if it is just a captured dream or a recorded hallucination. (Brown 72) The rhyming is not only the element of poetry that some readers might overlook. Reading the poem only visually would not enable the reader to determine that there is an underlying metric pattern within the poem. This particular metric pattern is known as the iambic pentameter, a metric pattern that is often associated with Shakespeare and other classic poets. The iambic pentameter is basically a metric pattern commonly characterized by a line being made up of five iambic feet. Here is a rough illustration of the iambic pentameter: duh DUM / duh DUM / duh DUM / duh DUM / duh DUM. And now here are the lines of the poem according to the illustration of the iambic pentameter: turn ING / and TURN / ing IN / the WIDE / ning GYRE†¦ surely LY / some RE / ve LA / tion IS / at HAND. Although the iambic pentameter is one of the most fundamental and recognizable metric patterns in poetry, it is just understandable that it would be hard for some to locate it in this particular poem. The poem does not follow an iambic pentameter as its only metric pattern, the first lines of each stanza follow the metric pattern called trochee. A trochee is basically a line that consists of a stressed syllable that is followed by an unstressed syllable. Themes To analyze the poem in a technical aspect like meter and rhyme may take some time and much research. But even at the first reading, one could easily see that the poem is rich in imagery, personification, irony, exaggeration, and of course, symbolisms. Its richness as a text makes the poem a versatile piece for plain poetry enthusiasts and for those who endeavors in rigorous literature studies. Perhaps the success of the poem owes much to the fact that there are many themes that can be unearthed from the poem. It is very likely that the one of the themes that a reader could immediately assume is that the poem takes on religion. There is a considerable count of words that connote the topic of religion. Even the title alone, â€Å"The Second Coming†, already directs us to the discussion of Christ or even Christianity in general. The concept of the â€Å"Second Coming† is considered a prophecy. It was prophesized in the bible, particularly in the books of Matthew and the Revelations, that there would be a second reappearance of Christ.   This prophecy is an integral part of the Christian faith and one of the reasons why Christians follow the teachings of the church.   And just like in the bible, some also consider Yeats poem as prophetic. The form of the poem is like a prophecy of the impending randomness that we are all to experience in gyre called society. On the other hand, it could also be that Yeats is taking the side of religion as â€Å"the falcon†¦Ã¢â‚¬  [Christians] â€Å"†¦cannot hear the falconer† [God]. It could be about the gradual degeneration of the level of faith of people on religion. In the phrase â€Å"the best lack conviction†, the best could be an allusion to Christians.   That is as opposed to phrase â€Å"the worst are full of passionate intensity†, in which the worst could be an allusion to non-Christians. It seems that Yeats had juxtaposed Christians to the other religions. And in his portrayal it seems that the non-Christians are having the upper hand in terms of having a â€Å"passionate intensity† with regards to faith. Moreover, the birthplace of Christ, Bethlehem, is mentioned in the last line of the poem â€Å"slouches towards Bethlehem to be born†? Many see religion as a dominant theme of the poem because Yeats is known for his fascination with the spiritual and the mythological. The words that can be associated with religion are ceremony, revelation, Spiritus Mundi, and Bethlehem. As a support for Yeats’ reputation of having a fascination for the spiritual and the mythological is the inclusion of a sphinx-like creature. This sphinx-like creature could be located in the line â€Å"a shape with lion body and the head of a man.† Yeats seems to have a fondness of mythological creatures such as the sphinx. There are many other works of Yeats that cite the sphinx. It should be taken into consideration that the sphinx is regarded as a religious icon in ancient Egypt. Aside from religion and spiritual themes, themes that take a political and societal tone are also present in the poem. The line â€Å"the falcon cannot hear the falconer† could be roughly interpreted to the subordinate cannot hear the leader.   And if the gyre is considered as a metaphor for the society, it is constantly widening. In relation to the poem, a widening gyre would mean that the spinning would be more turbulent. Yeats may have wanted to say that as time passes, the problem of the degeneration of society is getting more and more out of hand. Yeats had also seemingly stated his view of the society. The line â€Å"things fall apart, the centre cannot hold† could be alluding to the arguably degeneration of the society as it is swaying away from the old ways and adopting new ideas. But perhaps out of all the lines of the poem, the line â€Å"mere anarchy is loosed upon the world†, is the line that gives the poem a political flavor. The inclusion of the word â€Å"anarchy† alone is almost enough to lead readers to the theme of politics. If the reader would read Yeats’ â€Å"The Second Coming† during times of political instability, the reader could even generalize that the poem is basically about revolutions, insurgencies, activists, and the likes. The first line â€Å"turning and turning in the widening gyre† could simply mean that political instability is an ongoing trend in our societies. The second line â€Å"the falconer cannot hear the falconer† refers to the constituents of the tyrannical leadership. The people are refusing to hear the falconer’s [tyrant’s] commands. But Yeats had shown in this particular poem that he could be antirevolutionary. Yeats presents the consequences of a revolution â€Å"things fall apart; the centre cannot hold.† The picture that line paints in our minds is a typical picture of revolutions. That line could trigger images of dilapidated buildings, monuments and homes. That line basically refers to the chaos that revolutions could bring. The chaos that the poem had painted would be followed by the inclusion of the word â€Å"anarchy.† Then it would all be amplified by the line â€Å"the blood-dimed tide is loosed, and everywhere.† Yeats had also expressed his view on the topic of social classes in this poem. The last lines of the first paragraph â€Å"the best lack all conviction, while the worst / are full of passionate intensity† is begging the question: who are the â€Å"best† that are lacking conviction, and who are the â€Å"worst† that are full of passionate intensity? It is not unfamiliar to us that in discussions of social classes, categories are determined as either black or white. An individual could just either be rich or poor, educated and uneducated, and other determinants of social classes. It appears that Yeats’ view is that the privileged strata of the society is lacking faith and the working-class and medium-income part of the society are full of passionate intensity. This portrayal of Yeats is a common scenario in revolutions. The privileged part of the society seem to lack conviction when radical social change is about to happen. Yeats poem would lead the reader to the irony that the poor is the more active participant in the revolutions. That is despite the poor’s depressed and financially-lacking state. It seems that the common scenario in a revolution is that the rich is just standing in the background. That is just understandable as the rich and the poor would always think differently. As the poem says it â€Å"the best lack all conviction†, they do not want any part of the revolution. A likely reason is that they do not want to take part in the revolution is that because of the nature of the word revolution. Conclusion Yeats’ â€Å"The Second Coming† is certainly a controversial poem. Controversial not just because of it is a hybrid of free-verse and form, but also because of the themes that it generates. Nonetheless, the success of the poem is undeniable. The very evidences for that is its inclusion to many anthologies and publications. But the very testament of the poem’s success is that it continually calls controversy even up to this date. Moreover, the title â€Å"The Second Coming† is just aptly given to the poem. Just like the religious concept of the second coming of Christ, the poem also takes such mysterious quality. The â€Å"first coming† for the poem would be its first publication in 1920.   But as opposed to the religious second coming, the poem seems to reappearing again and again. It seems that the past and the future generations would still appreciate the poem for being one of the greatest poems ever written. nbsp; Analysis of the Poem â€Å"The Second Coming† by William Butler Yeats Essay Example Analysis of the Poem â€Å"The Second Coming† by William Butler Yeats Paper One of the most resounding names in the discussion of 20th century literature is of the great William Butler Yeats. His works and even his biography are staple study materials for those who endeavor in literature studies. With that being said, it would also be important to study one of his greatest works. One of his best known works, also considered one of his finest, is the poem â€Å"The Second Coming.† Many artists claim that they were influenced by William Butler Yeats and this particular poem has been cited by other works of art. With that taken into consideration, many works of art by other artists can be considered offshoots of Yeats’ poem. It could also be assumed that in a way, this particular poem had somehow influence the art that we are experiencing today. This paper would attempt to present and analyze Yeats’ poem and look into the different aspects why it had become popular among poets and enthusiasts of poetry. Objectives The paper would not delve into a vicious criticism of the work at hand. The main objective would be to present the poem as not merely a poem, but a work of art that needs a deeper view and profound appreciation. Moreover, this particular poem had influenced many other artists. That would only mean that the influence of Yeats’ â€Å"The Second Coming† would be visible in many other works of art. It is an assumption that after an analysis of the poem, we would be able to determine how it had influenced other works of art. In simpler terms, if we would try to understand the poem, we would be granted a better understanding of the poem at hand and of the other works. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of the Poem â€Å"The Second Coming† by William Butler Yeats specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of the Poem â€Å"The Second Coming† by William Butler Yeats specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of the Poem â€Å"The Second Coming† by William Butler Yeats specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer There is a popular notion in the world of poetry that once an author had explained his or her work, the poem is being stripped of its divine quality. It is just fortunate that the author did not design this poem in an explicit manner.   Another popular notion in the world of art is that explicitness is dangerous to any form of art. And so, setting aside those popular notions, the work at hand belongs to the genre of poetry. Poetry is often coined as the art of misleading, it often leaves the readers scratching their heads. With all of that being said, reading a review before or after tackling a poem would undeniably be of great help to readers. The author Before we traverse further in the discussion, it would be helpful to have a brief overview of the author’s background. The objective of this part follows the logic of an old saying that tells us that the fruit doesn’t fall very far from the tree. The relationship of the fruit and the tree is just the same case for poems and poets. That is because we can understand a work better if we have an idea of the person that had come up with the work. William Butler Yeats is an Irish writer born and educated in the city of Dublin. He was born on the thirteenth of June 1865, and had passed away on the twenty-eighth of January 1939. As stated in the introduction, he would be a great representative of literature during the 20th century. He had endeavored in multiple genres of literature, but the most significant ones would be in drama and poetry. As a testament to his success as a writer, he had been a recipient of the highly-coveted Nobel Prize for literature (Foster 6-27). And of course, there is the worldwide readership and his influence that has spanned generations. nbsp; The poem Since the poem is not that long, it would be better for this paper to include the poem within its contents. The inclusion of the work to be analyzed would enable us to consult the work whenever we need to. Moreover, a review of the work is undeniably essential to any analysis. The Second Coming By William Butler Yeats Turning and turning in the widening gyre The falcon cannot hear the falconer; Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere The ceremony of innocence is drowned; The best lack all conviction, while the worst Are full of passionate intensity nbsp; Surely some revelation is at hand; Surely the Second Coming is at hand. The Second Coming! Hardly are those words out When a vast image out of the Spiritus Mundi Troubles my sight: somewhere in the sands of the desert A shape with lion body and the head of man, A gaze blank and pitiless as the sun Is moving its slow thighs, while all about it Reel shadows of the indignant desert birds. The darkness drops again; but now I know That twenty centuries of stony sleep Were vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle, And what rough beast, its hour come round at last, Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born? (Yeats 403) Brief background of the poem Yeats’ poem entitled â€Å"The Second Coming† was first printed in the American Magazine â€Å"The Dial† in November of 1920. The first printing was followed by the inclusion of the poem in Yeats’ collection of poems entitled â€Å"Michael Robartes and the Dancer† in 1921. The poem is known to be written during 1919, just after World War I. (Brown 71-72) Definition of terms The word gyre is one of the most noticeable unfamiliar terms in the poem. A gyre basically refers to a spinning vortex. The word is usually used to allude to the movements of oceanic and wind currents. Yeats had already incorporated the term in his book â€Å"A Vision†, which was published in 1925. Another term in poem that is calling attention is â€Å"spiritus mundi.† The term basically translates to the â€Å"spirit of the world.† The concept is in-line with Yeats’ belief that every mind of all individuals is somehow linked to a single vast intelligence (Foster 44) And for us to understand more of nature of some of the lines, we need to consult some works of other writers. The echoing lines in the last part of the first stanza â€Å"the best lack all conviction, while the worst / are full of passionate intensity.† It is said that those lines are in reference to the famous passages of the story Prometheus Unbound by Percy Bysshe Shelley. According to Yeats himself, during his childhood he had read Shelley’s book religiously and it had been an influence ever since (Foster 402) â€Å"The Second Coming† is of course in reference to the prophecy about second coming of Christ. This prophecy could be located in the bible specifically in the books of Matthew and the Revelations. Writing style At first glance, readers could carelessly conclude that the poem is a free-verse. The poem seemingly does not follow any rhyme scheme and meter whatsoever. But after orally reading the poem, that is when readers could easily appreciate the intricate design of the poem. If the poem â€Å"The Second Coming† would be categorized according to a sub-genre of poetry, it would belong to the â€Å"lyrical† style of poetry. As the name suggests, lyric poems is basically a kind of poetry that, just like a song, has musical qualities incorporated within it. And of course, to make a poem lyrical would mean to put rhymes for the poem to make distinct sounds. Although there are some, there are not many rhymes in the poem. In contrast to most classic poems, the number of end-rhymes was only reduced only into two in this particular poem. The few end-rhymes are: â€Å"hold† along with â€Å"world†, and although repetitive â€Å"hand† along with â€Å"hand.† Although there were only a few end-rhymes, the poem was interspersed with internal rhyming. But the internal rhyming that Yeats had done is not as technical as it sounds. He had just repeated some of the words to achieve the effect of internal rhymes. As we could observe in the poem â€Å"turning and turning†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"the falcon†¦ the falconer†, â€Å"surely some revelation is at hand† / â€Å"surely the Second Coming is at hand† (Yeats 403) The overall effect to the combination of the handful of internal rhymes and the few petty end-rhymes enables the poem to sound as if there are echoes. This effect is best described by the second line â€Å"the falcon†¦ the falconer.† Brown was able to describe the effect of the poem in a more technical manner. According to him, the lack of form and the emphasis on the repetitions creates an impression to the readers that a poetry that has no form is just enough to describe the concept of â€Å"The Second Coming†Ã¢â‚¬â€as if it is just a captured dream or a recorded hallucination. (Brown 72) The rhyming is not only the element of poetry that some readers might overlook. Reading the poem only visually would not enable the reader to determine that there is an underlying metric pattern within the poem. This particular metric pattern is known as the iambic pentameter, a metric pattern that is often associated with Shakespeare and other classic poets. The iambic pentameter is basically a metric pattern commonly characterized by a line being made up of five iambic feet. Here is a rough illustration of the iambic pentameter: duh DUM / duh DUM / duh DUM / duh DUM / duh DUM. And now here are the lines of the poem according to the illustration of the iambic pentameter: turn ING / and TURN / ing IN / the WIDE / ning GYRE†¦ surely LY / some RE / ve LA / tion IS / at HAND. Although the iambic pentameter is one of the most fundamental and recognizable metric patterns in poetry, it is just understandable that it would be hard for some to locate it in this particular poem. The poem does not follow an iambic pentameter as its only metric pattern, the first lines of each stanza follow the metric pattern called trochee. A trochee is basically a line that consists of a stressed syllable that is followed by an unstressed syllable. Themes To analyze the poem in a technical aspect like meter and rhyme may take some time and much research. But even at the first reading, one could easily see that the poem is rich in imagery, personification, irony, exaggeration, and of course, symbolisms. Its richness as a text makes the poem a versatile piece for plain poetry enthusiasts and for those who endeavors in rigorous literature studies. Perhaps the success of the poem owes much to the fact that there are many themes that can be unearthed from the poem. It is very likely that the one of the themes that a reader could immediately assume is that the poem takes on religion. There is a considerable count of words that connote the topic of religion. Even the title alone, â€Å"The Second Coming†, already directs us to the discussion of Christ or even Christianity in general. The concept of the â€Å"Second Coming† is considered a prophecy. It was prophesized in the bible, particularly in the books of Matthew and the Revelations, that there would be a second reappearance of Christ.   This prophecy is an integral part of the Christian faith and one of the reasons why Christians follow the teachings of the church.   And just like in the bible, some also consider Yeats poem as prophetic. The form of the poem is like a prophecy of the impending randomness that we are all to experience in gyre called society. On the other hand, it could also be that Yeats is taking the side of religion as â€Å"the falcon†¦Ã¢â‚¬  [Christians] â€Å"†¦cannot hear the falconer† [God]. It could be about the gradual degeneration of the level of faith of people on religion. In the phrase â€Å"the best lack conviction†, the best could be an allusion to Christians.   That is as opposed to phrase â€Å"the worst are full of passionate intensity†, in which the worst could be an allusion to non-Christians. It seems that Yeats had juxtaposed Christians to the other religions. And in his portrayal it seems that the non-Christians are having the upper hand in terms of having a â€Å"passionate intensity† with regards to faith. Moreover, the birthplace of Christ, Bethlehem, is mentioned in the last line of the poem â€Å"slouches towards Bethlehem to be born†? Many see religion as a dominant theme of the poem because Yeats is known for his fascination with the spiritual and the mythological. The words that can be associated with religion are ceremony, revelation, Spiritus Mundi, and Bethlehem. As a support for Yeats’ reputation of having a fascination for the spiritual and the mythological is the inclusion of a sphinx-like creature. This sphinx-like creature could be located in the line â€Å"a shape with lion body and the head of a man.† Yeats seems to have a fondness of mythological creatures such as the sphinx. There are many other works of Yeats that cite the sphinx. It should be taken into consideration that the sphinx is regarded as a religious icon in ancient Egypt. Aside from religion and spiritual themes, themes that take a political and societal tone are also present in the poem. The line â€Å"the falcon cannot hear the falconer† could be roughly interpreted to the subordinate cannot hear the leader.   And if the gyre is considered as a metaphor for the society, it is constantly widening. In relation to the poem, a widening gyre would mean that the spinning would be more turbulent. Yeats may have wanted to say that as time passes, the problem of the degeneration of society is getting more and more out of hand. Yeats had also seemingly stated his view of the society. The line â€Å"things fall apart, the centre cannot hold† could be alluding to the arguably degeneration of the society as it is swaying away from the old ways and adopting new ideas. But perhaps out of all the lines of the poem, the line â€Å"mere anarchy is loosed upon the world†, is the line that gives the poem a political flavor. The inclusion of the word â€Å"anarchy† alone is almost enough to lead readers to the theme of politics. If the reader would read Yeats’ â€Å"The Second Coming† during times of political instability, the reader could even generalize that the poem is basically about revolutions, insurgencies, activists, and the likes. The first line â€Å"turning and turning in the widening gyre† could simply mean that political instability is an ongoing trend in our societies. The second line â€Å"the falconer cannot hear the falconer† refers to the constituents of the tyrannical leadership. The people are refusing to hear the falconer’s [tyrant’s] commands. But Yeats had shown in this particular poem that he could be antirevolutionary. Yeats presents the consequences of a revolution â€Å"things fall apart; the centre cannot hold.† The picture that line paints in our minds is a typical picture of revolutions. That line could trigger images of dilapidated buildings, monuments and homes. That line basically refers to the chaos that revolutions could bring. The chaos that the poem had painted would be followed by the inclusion of the word â€Å"anarchy.† Then it would all be amplified by the line â€Å"the blood-dimed tide is loosed, and everywhere.† Yeats had also expressed his view on the topic of social classes in this poem. The last lines of the first paragraph â€Å"the best lack all conviction, while the worst / are full of passionate intensity† is begging the question: who are the â€Å"best† that are lacking conviction, and who are the â€Å"worst† that are full of passionate intensity? It is not unfamiliar to us that in discussions of social classes, categories are determined as either black or white. An individual could just either be rich or poor, educated and uneducated, and other determinants of social classes. It appears that Yeats’ view is that the privileged strata of the society is lacking faith and the working-class and medium-income part of the society are full of passionate intensity. This portrayal of Yeats is a common scenario in revolutions. The privileged part of the society seem to lack conviction when radical social change is about to happen. Yeats poem would lead the reader to the irony that the poor is the more active participant in the revolutions. That is despite the poor’s depressed and financially-lacking state. It seems that the common scenario in a revolution is that the rich is just standing in the background. That is just understandable as the rich and the poor would always think differently. As the poem says it â€Å"the best lack all conviction†, they do not want any part of the revolution. A likely reason is that they do not want to take part in the revolution is that because of the nature of the word revolution. Conclusion Yeats’ â€Å"The Second Coming† is certainly a controversial poem. Controversial not just because of it is a hybrid of free-verse and form, but also because of the themes that it generates. Nonetheless, the success of the poem is undeniable. The very evidences for that is its inclusion to many anthologies and publications. But the very testament of the poem’s success is that it continually calls controversy even up to this date. Moreover, the title â€Å"The Second Coming† is just aptly given to the poem. Just like the religious concept of the second coming of Christ, the poem also takes such mysterious quality. The â€Å"first coming† for the poem would be its first publication in 1920.   But as opposed to the religious second coming, the poem seems to reappearing again and again. It seems that the past and the future generations would still appreciate the poem for being one of the greatest poems ever written. nbsp;

Textual Integrity in Hamlet Essays

Textual Integrity in Hamlet Essays Textual Integrity in Hamlet Essay Textual Integrity in Hamlet Essay a feminist viewpoint, a Marxian viewpoint a Freudian psychoanalytical reading etc. ) A text is not produced by an author, but by readers, who themselves are produced by social and political forces. New perspectives frequently attempt to establish their authority by specialized vocabulary (remember this term! ) and extensive appeal to theory. As with all literature we are unable to separate ourselves from our personal interpretation and that of the writers. Works of literature usually lead to various interpretations differing from era to context to experience. Each interpretation of Hamlet brings different elements to the forefront. Without these interpretations of Hamlet one may not be able to feel as though they receive a full understanding of the play and a lack of connection may become a dislike of the play rather than a love for the tragic tale. Shakespeare possibly has his own interpretation of the play. The writer merely sets words to the page; it is our job to make them our own.

Personal journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal journal - Essay Example At least I’ll have my own four wheels and freedom to get places I need to be. It’s funny because I know I’ll mostly be using it to get to school and work on time. Oh well, it’s still liberating to know you have your own car; a vehicle you can use anytime you want to. Sometimes I notice people and the types of cars they drive. It almost defines them and their personality. I saw an elderly lady driving the other day, hands firmly on the wheel, back slightly hunched, eyes focused, and forehead wrinkled in concentration. She was driving a neat little, Ford, a family car suitable for basic day to day needs and errands. Something safe, reliable, and comforting, just like her. I wonder if people will look and analyze me when I’m sitting in my car driving down the street. First, I need to pick one out though. God, I hope I don’t get something too shabby. Maybe I’ll get it painted a bright blue or even silver to make it cooler. I’ll be o ne of the first ones among my friends to have one. We would all be able to hang out more often once school is over; cruising down in my car I don’t have yet. I still have to get a summer job though. I’ll start looking at the wanted ads tomorrow. I’ll talk to my dad again tonight and see for sure how much he can pitch in. I’ll be able to help around more with outside chores and tasks. Yeah that’ll be a good starting point to reel in my dad.

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Globalization and Technological Revolution - Term Paper Example Organizations in the international arena typically follow low cost, low-risk entry strategies. Apart from low-risk organizations always consider the political, legal and economic factors of national environments. Accordingly, the competition for FDI would be based increasingly on cost differences between locations, the quality of infrastructure and business-related services, the ease of doing business, and the availability of skills. Organizations are attracted to FDI when they offered a competitive advantage over locals, a lower cost for labor and/or physical resources, secure access to physical resources, proximity to major markets and increased market share, Countries attract FDI if they provide certain facilities to organizations. In this regard, UNCTAD (2002) developed a 12 point criteria, named the inward FDI potential index capture several factors apart from market size (Appendix -1). Now we will analyze the case study- Ireland 2004. Starting with the concept of GDP as it refl ects the income of the people within the country; it also shows the capacity especially purchasing power of the people; it also reflects the demand for the commodities and services. As provided in the case study, the GDP per head (US$: market exchange rate) Ireland in 2003 is $ 37,911 and GDP per head (US$: Purchasing power parity) is 32, 916. Even the real GDP growth rate during 1999-2003 stood around 7.1%. Irish GDP grew at 9.9% per annum during the period 1996-2000. But the GDP growth has slowed down during 2003 due to weak global demand and several other factors. Now if we analyze Irish real GDP growth with most of the countries in Europe, US or Japan we find that GDP growth rate is much higher in Ireland in comparison to UK, France, Germany, US or Japan. So it shows that Ireland economy is expanding and the income level of people are going up which may result in an increase in demand. So companies have enough opportunities to invest in Ireland. The rate of growth of GPD over th e last 5 years when the reforms actually started is around 7-8% which could be seen as a remarkable growth rate if we compare it with other countries in the vicinity.

The Fundamentalism And Caste Conflict Phenomenons Religion Essay

The Fundamentalism And Caste Conflict Phenomenons Religion Essay Fundamentalism and Casteism are considered as two different phenomenons. Whereby both these terminologies have been approached probably as different issues lying in the present Indian scenario. Conflict, as well, seems to be considered as the outcome of these issues. However, there is an attempt made in this paper to find out firstly, what fundamentalism means, secondly how fundamentalism becomes the base for Casteism; thirdly how Casteism paved the way for different conflicts; and finally, this paper deals with the Pastoral Response from the Pastoral Care and Counselling perspective to the caste conflict situation, which emerged from fundamentalism. Though Fundamentalism itself has the wide range of definition and yet not confined to a particular definition, in order to limit the scope of this paper, the definition of the term Fundamentalism is narrowed down to the foundational understanding of the Caste System. Nevertheless, this paper tries to interact with these isms from their b asic understanding and what upshot they have brought to the society. 1. Fundamentalism What does it mean? Fundamentalism is the practice of following very strictly the basic rules and teachings of any religion defines Oxford Advance learners Dictionarys seventh edition. Steven Jones, a research scholar from Virginia University describes that the term fundamentalism was initiated in the series of booklets authored and published by leading Evangelical churchmen in US between 1910 and 1915. However, the term was given full strength in 1920 after Curtis Lee Laws appropriated the term `fundamentalist as a designation for those who were ready to do battle royal for the Fundamentals.' M.M.Thomas comments, These booklets opposed the application of modern critical historical approach to the bible and the traditional dogmas of Christianity, because in their opinion, it would destroy their supranatural and supernatural elements which belong to their very essence. Though the definition of this term has wide range of meaning, yet a fundamentalist is reckoned as the strict follower of a particular religions teachings and its beliefs. James Barr states Fundamentalism is based on a particular kind of religious tradition, and uses the form, rather than reality, of biblical authority to provide a shield for this tradition. Even, Bruce Lawrence in his book Defenders of God defines fundamentalism as: The affirmation of religious authority as holistic and absolute, admitting of neither criticism nor reduction; it is expressed through the collective demand that specific creedal and ethical dictates derived from the scriptures be publicly recognized and legally enforced. David Frawley views that, Fundamentalists generally hold to their religions older social customs and refuse to integrate into the broader stream of modern society which recognizes freedom of religious belief. In agreement to this statement, Dr.Ramendra identifies, fundamentalism means be lief in  the literal truth of religious scriptures and fundamental religious beliefs of any religion. For Altmeyer and Hunsinger fundamentalism is the belief that there is one set of religious teachings that clearly contains the fundamental, basic, intrinsic, essential, inerrant truth about humanity and deity; that this essential truth is fundamentally opposed by forces of evil which must be vigorously fought; that this truth must be followed today according to the fundamental, unchangeable practices of the past; and that those who believe and follow these fundamental teachings have a special relationship with the deity. As a whole, though the term fundamentalism is widely used with different connotations, still it cannot be denied that the term basically used with religious notion and it stands for it till today whether stand for inerrancy of truth or militancy in its outlook. M.M.Thomas, Citing V.M.Tarkhundess statement, says Fundamentalism consists of uncritical adherence to an cient beliefs and practices. On the other hand, Fundamentalism is probably viewed as the counter institution to Liberalism, Modernism and Secularism. The fundamentalist movement tries to preserve what it considers the basic ideas of Christianity against criticism by liberal theologians. Fundamentalism designates what is more generally called a conservative type of Christian thought, as opposed to the liberal or modernist tendencies. M.M.Thomas states It may also arise from the insecurity of faith when its religious expressions are faced with the necessity to change.and Fundamentalism emerged out of reaction to closed secularism Erskine Clarke utters that Fundamentalists resist secularisation and the cultural elements of modernity Accordibng to Marsden, an American fundamentalist is an evangelical who is militant in opposition to liberal theology in the churches or to changes in cultural values or mores, such as those associated with secular humanism. In his note, he says, in recent years been applied by analogy to any militantly traditional religion, such as Islamic fundamentalism. M.M.Thomas opines, It is justifiable to characterise as fundamentalist similar movements in any religion which buttress traditional beliefs and social order from reform or change Over all, Fundamentalism can be defined as strictly following of religious beliefs and traditions as well as it is a counter attitude against modernity which hails secularism and liberalism. With this definition, let us move on to analyse the caste system in India. 2. Caste: Does it emerge from Fundamentalism? On its outlook, everyone would say that Caste system is probably not an outcome of Fundamentalism because both of them are different issues. Whereby, in this paper an argument is proposed that Casteism in India is one of the fruits of Fundamentalism. Though Caste System itself has the attitude of fundamentalism, the primary focus of this paper is how Casteism can be the victim of fundamentalism. There were many who fought like B.R.Ambedkar, Periyar, Jothiba Phule and Panditha Ramambai for the eradication of this canker system, hence it still rules the Indian society because of its deep roots in the Indian Soil. In order to substantiate the argument, it is good to view the definition and origin of the Caste system in India. The word caste, which is of Spanish and Portuguese origin, is derived from Latin Castus which means pure. However, the Portuguese word casta means breed, race or kind. It seems that the word was used by the Portuguese to denote Indian social classification says Bal Krishna Sharma. Seligman describes caste as an endogamous and hereditary subdivision of an ethnic unit occupying a position of superior or inferior rank or social esteem in comparison with other such subdivision. Nesfield and Sir H.Risley also support this view. Ketkar defines caste as (1) membership is confined to those who are born of members and includes all persons so born; (2) the members are forbidden by an inexorable social law to marry outside the group. Thus, caste is a stratified system in which each segment has its identity with a common name, origin and strictly specified inter-group relations. Each group is endogamous, traditionally following an occupation and enjoying a particular postion in the social hierar chy, built around the opposition of purity and pollution. The groups are localised, but keep social distance between them. However, Casteism arises out of Hindu philosophy and becomes the beacon of the unique identity of the Hindu Society. Oxford Dictionary defines as any of the four main division of the Hindu society, originally than made according to function in the society. T.K.Oomen states, What is unique to India is the all pervasive Caste hierarchy, legitimised through the Hindu doctrine of Karma and reincarnation. P.K.Kar elucidates that the beginning of Caste system is in the Hindu philosophy of four varnas. Ambrose Pinto cites Ambedkars view that the sanction behind the caste system is the religious sanction, for, the caste as the new form of varna system derives its sanction from the Vedas which form the sacred books of the Hindu religion and which are infallible. I say unfortunately because anything, which has a religious sanction, becomes by virtue of it sacred and eternal. To the Hindu, caste is sacred and caste is eternal. Max Weber Cited by Toppo states, Caste, that is, the ritual and righ ts and duties it gives and imposes, and the position of the Brahmans, is the fundamental institution of Hinduism. Before everything else, without caste there is no Hindu. Thus, the caste system in India belongs to Hindu Philosophy which emerges from Vedas and Upanishads. Whereas this system is cemented by the code of Manu, called Manava Dharma Shastra or Manusmirti. Dr.Ramendra says, According to Manusmriti, anybody who argues critically and logically about  dharmashastras ought to be ostracized. With the above information, let us now look at the similarities between Fundamentalism and Casteism. Basically, both these isms consider the religious beliefs, teachings, and tradition as their base. Another aspect is their strong opposition to modernism. While modernism supports liberalism and secularism, the caste system in India can witness its strong roots in the Indian Soil. For which, the recent issues like Honour Killing, the atrocities against Dalits and the demand for caste base census all show the very fact that though India achieves many things with modernity, yet is under the strong bondage of Casteism. Dr.K.S.Jacob states, While the secular, socialistic and democratic principles enshrined in the constitution demand equality of outcomes, the inherent caste-related inequality continues to dominate reality in Indian society. M.M.Thomas claims ,Purity and impurity ideas were the religious foundation of caste and it is the return to it by the middle class for spiritual and ec onomic stability that makes their shift from secularism to hindutva. It is painful to note the caste embracement is not only of Hinduism, but also it has its strong footage in Isalam and Christianity too in the recent past. One may probably question, why such evil system in these religions? The answer drawn by Koilaparampil when talking about Caste among Christians, he states the rank of the Christian in the local community continues to depend on the Caste from which he was converted and this persists to the third and forth generation. As M.M.Thomas states Fundamentalism consists of uncritical adherence to ancient beliefs and practices may probably support this notion when we compare Caste among Christian and Fundamentalism. As Caste is considered important for identification, may also support the above view. Finally both these issues may Probably lead towards conflict or violence. The recent murder in Khairlanji, a village in Maharashtra depicts the picture of the caste systems rule yet in Indian soil. Thus, Casteism can probably consider as the fruit of fundamentalism and this leads to the present day Caste conflicts. 3. Conflict Etymologically the term conflict is derived from con-fligere (Latin) denoting to strike together. It implies fight, clash, sharp or mild disagreement or even antagonism. Rachel Bagh cites William W.Wilmot and Joyce L.Hockers definition conflict is an expressed struggle between at least two interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce, resources, and interference from others in achieving their goals. Alan C.FIlley defines conflict as a process which takes place between two or more parties. By parties he refers to individuals, groups, or organizations. Whereby, he explains, Within our various social relationships are some which involve real or perceived differences between two or more parties. Where the interests of the parties are mutually exclusive that is, where the gain of one partys goal is at the cost of the others, or where the parties have different values- then the resulting social interaction between the parties contains fertile ground for conflict. Accordi ng to Lewis A.Coser, conflict is a struggle over values or claims of status, power and scarce resources, in which the aims of the conflicting parties are not only to gain the desired values but also to neutralize, injure or eliminate their rivals. Such conflicts may take place between individuals and between collectivities. Intra group as well as inter group conflicts are perennial feature of social life. B.J.Prashantham states Incompatible goals and means of achieving them can lead conflicts in inter-personal relations as would, differences in perception, communication styles, personality differences, personal interests and ideology. Thus, Maria Arul Raja comments, Whenever human agency is alive and active, they appear rather clearly, in a positive or negative manner. Conflict, thus. Can be defined as the struggle between two persons or parties aiming at some goal to achieve. Conflict is categorised under four divisions; they are intra-personal, inter-personal, intra-group and inter-group. Intra-Personal It is conflict within a person. Murry states that according to psychologists there is a crowd in each of us. For which he elucidates, there is a conflict between the spending self and saving self of a person when he received money. For him, Sigmund Freuds theory of a person as a composite of three forces (the Id, the Ego, the Super-Ego) each with different wishes and standards and Eric Bernes theory of a person as a composite of three different ego-states (Parent ego, Adult ego, and Child ego) with three different attitudes to life and the environment, are the best witnesses for explaining intra personal conflict. Inter-Personal This is a conflict between two individuals. Each person has different needs, values system, a world view and wants. When people with these differing dispositions meet, they clash. The difference may further widen by difference in sex, race, class and creed and social conflict becomes inevitable. Intra-Group and Inter-Group Inter-group and even intra-group conflict can arise due to differences in goals, values, loyalties and heritage. Race, region, creed, nationalities, and ideologies are among the factors causing inter-group conflicts. Members of different groups develop inter-group loyalties and perceive the other groups with disinterest, prejudice, and antagonism. Therefore, conflict arises in any one form of the above. It is important to note that a persons behaviour may affect his personality as well as others. Alfred Adler states that a man is motivated primarily by social urges. Behaviourist therapy considers outward behaviours are the result of faulty, maladaptive learning from the environment. So, conflict in the inter personal or inter group level may spring out because of the intra personal conflict. Besides, for the interpersonal conflicts, P.K.Kar narrates, lower castes in India who are disabled from the social, economic, educational and religious viewpoint, most often become aware of their position and resent oppression and discrimination by higher castes. This change in the outlook of the lower castes culminates in inter caste conflicts. The Khairlanji Murder is the best example of this cause. Another present reality issue in the Indian scenario is Honour killings. This issue is the reaction to inter-caste marriages is much stronge r and violent when the girl marries a dalit or into a lower caste than her own, Says Times of India. Knowing the fact that the Caste is one of the sources of conflict, now we move on to the next section where we can draw some useful responses to resolve the conflict from the Pastoral Care and Counselling perspective. 4. A Pastoral Response to Caste Conflict Pastoral Care and Counselling in the words of William A.Clebsch and Charles R.Jackle is defined as a helping act, done by representative Christian persons, directed towards the healing, sustaining, guiding, and reconciling of troubled persons whose troubles arise in the context of ultimate meanings and concerns. Thus, a Pastor or a Christain counsellor is the one who helps people in times of their trouble. For which, C.W.Bristar expresses, the Churchs ministry is personal and social, ranging from individual salvation and guidance to mutual support and social welfare. Rachel Bagh refers that we are called to the ministry of reconciliation/peacemaking (2Cor. 5:17-20). So, the role of the Counsellor in the conflict resolution is crucial and necessary in order to help persons to liberate from the bondage of Conflict. Probably, there may be diverse opinions and suggestion for the conflict resolution, hence hereby some pastoral responses are placed knowingly the limitation of this paper. Preparation of the Counsellor In order to have a fruitful reconciliation ministry, the preparation of the Counsellor is crucial. For which Augsburger suggests that the mediators seek progressively sharpen their basic skills of empathy, active listening, sensitivity to needs of parties, sense of timing, verbal and non-verbal communication skills, capacity to maintain neutrality while remaining in contact, and ability to understand the stages of negotiation and conflict resolution. Along with this, Rachel Bagh suggests that the mediator should be trustworthy and confidential. Besides, the counsellor need to sense the presence of Holy Spirit and can probably utilise religious recourses (like Prayer, Scripture and etc.) and Religious symbols (Theological symbols like Grace, forgiveness, Atonement and so on) in the counselling process. Thus, the preparation of the counsellor is necessary before the counselling process starts in caste conflict resolution. Preparation of the Counselee Preparing for Acceptance Acceptence is the basic aspect in conflict resolution. Conflict arise when one person thinks that he is superior. Both Fundamentalism and caste sytem have the attitude of Superiority. Whereby others those who dont follow the norms of the fundamentalists are considered as the enemies of fundamentalism. This attitude creates conflict. The inferior attitude of oneself leads to inferiority complex, aggression, fear, anxiety and so on. This postulates the intrapersonal conflict. Whereby, superior attitude leads to interpersonal or inter-group conflict too. The counsellor needs to encourage the client to consider other human as human and should help him/her to respect each other. As Carl Rogers proposes, Unconditional Positive Regard need to be important in resolving the problem. The best example of this acceptance would be Jesus. As Murry states, Christians are the members of the new humanity in Christ whose thoughts and actions are directed by the principles of Christ. Thus, the counsell or helps the client to prepare himself to accept each other. Encouraging for love your Neighbour Another important aspect in conflict resolution is encouraging the client to love other even enemies. Rational emotive Therapy of Albert Ellis highlights irrational beliefs and perception leads to distortion of personality. Both caste system and Fundamentalism imposes hatred rather love with the irrational religious beliefs. For example, Ambrose Pinto in his article Caste conflict in Karnataka, indirectly quotes the major crisis of the conflict in Idapanur is hatred between different castes. However, God expects us to Love others (John 15:12). Murry states that the plain truth about God and the Christians is that God wants the Christians in every situation to love the other humans (even enemies), to forgive the others more than once, to seek also the interests of the others, to do the others as he/she would like to do to him/her. Making a Sense of Reconciliation The conservative concept is that never reconcile with anybody. Fundamentalism is on that line the same way, though many improvements in the society arise, still we hear about caste discrimination and caste biased atrocities. This shows the strength of non-reconciliation. Whereas, conflict resolution hangs on acceptance, Love one another and forgivenss. The spirit of forgiveness leads towards reconciliation. Murry, states that The Christ-event in history is symbolized by the shape of the cross Christ died on the vertical line symbolizing God-human reconciliation accomplished, and the horizontal beam symbolizing the imperative of human-human reconciliation if humans should avail the efficacy of Christs redemption. The cross of Christ reminds us of Gods love, humility, forgiveness, and vicarious death for those who broke His heart should e the reference point for the Christians in dealing with any kind of conflict; personal, communal or global. Ps. 85:10, 2 Cor. 13:11, Rom. 5:1, Eph. 2 :14). Eric Bernes Transactional Analysis explains the three ego states (Parent ego, adult ego, and child ego). According to Murry, The over dependence on either one ego states will result in conflict. So, all these three to some proportions are required in a person. The counselee has to be reminded of forgiving each other and accept each other without comments. Creating the sense of Wholeness Conflict damages the personality. As Fritz Perls views, many personalities as lacking wholeness, as being fragmented and people are often aware of only parts of themselves rather than of the whole self. further he states that the Gestalt therapists assist to discover clients self and mobilize it for greater effectiveness. Fundamentalism and Caste System segregate the human socity and also looks other with negative cannotation. Whereas the prime concern of Christian understanding is to bring back the fragmentd humanity to experience wholeness growth. Liberation is one of the aspect in redeeming wholeness, says Clinebell. However, fundamentalism and Casteism opposes the liberation aspect. But in resolving the conflict, the counsellor need to bring the counslee into the sense of liberation to attain Wholeness. Building the community of Shalom Finally, the pastoral response to Caste conflict as conflict resolution is building the community of peace and harmony. The major hindrance of Fundamentalism and Casteism is their approach with humanity and society. These both compartmentalise the society and break the human relationship. The stratified system of the society on the basis of Law code of Manu, had not only divided the Indian Society but also created enmity. Whwn God creted, he wanted that the creation to live harmoniously. Whereas the present situation goes upside down. However, the conflict resolution needs to build the community not to destroy. Conclusion Fundamentalism is of following strictly the teachings and tradition of a religion. Whereby, the existence of Caste system demonstrates that the root of the Casteism comes from the Indian religious traditions and Hindu philosophy. No one can deny, both these issues are interrelated by their idealogy too after it has been discussed broadly in this paper. Nevertheless, these evil practices not only helped the seeds of conflict to grow but also claimed many lives in order to satisfy its thirst. Hence, the role of a Christian minister or Counsellor is crucial at this juncture. If a Chritian misiter give totally for the sake of building the shalom community, hope the kingdom of God will be rooted on this earth. For concluding this paper, it will probably be worth quoting Dyanchnad Carrs statements. in the cse of local and micro level conflicts the hurt memories do play an important role both in keeping alive the dormant of volcano of resentment and anger as well as in fanning them into fi res of conflagration. We need to do all we can diffuse the situation and bring about a reconciled peace.